Proper maintenance of electric vehicle batteries is essential for ensuring their long - term performance and lifespan. Lithium - ion batteries, which are commonly used in EVs, have specific maintenance requirements.

One of the key aspects of battery maintenance is temperature management. Lithium - ion batteries perform best within a certain temperature range. Extreme heat or cold can degrade the battery over time. In hot weather, it is advisable to park the vehicle in shaded areas or use a garage if possible. Some EVs are equipped with active battery cooling systems, but these systems also consume energy. In cold weather, pre - heating the battery before driving can help improve its performance. Many modern EVs have built - in features that allow the owner to schedule pre - heating while the vehicle is still plugged in, so that the battery is at an optimal temperature when the driver is ready to go.

Monitoring the state of charge (SOC) is also crucial. Overcharging or undercharging can reduce the battery's lifespan. Most EVs come with a battery management system (BMS) that helps regulate the charging process. However, it is still important for the owner to be aware of the recommended charging levels. For example, many manufacturers suggest charging the battery to around 80 - 90% for daily use, especially if the vehicle is not going on a long trip. This helps to avoid the stress on the battery cells that can occur when charging to 100% regularly. When the battery needs to be fully charged for a long journey, it should be done as close to the departure time as possible.

Regularly checking the battery's health is another important maintenance task. Some EVs provide diagnostic information about the battery's state of health (SOH), which indicates how well the battery is performing compared to its original condition. If the SOH drops significantly, it may be a sign of a problem. Additionally, if there are any visible signs of damage to the battery pack, such as dents or leaks, it is important to have it inspected by a professional immediately.

Tire maintenance also indirectly affects the battery. Under - inflated tires increase rolling resistance, which causes the vehicle to consume more energy and puts additional strain on the battery. Therefore, it is important to check the tire pressure regularly and keep it at the recommended level.